Understanding Web Accessibility
Web accessibility is the process of optimising websites, apps and digital materials to make them more useable for users with some level of sensory impairment. These impairments could be physical, cognitive, aural or visual and result in users finding it harder to detect and absorb the content presented. Fortunately many of these challenges can be mitigated. By following accessibility guidelines, developers can easily learn how to design inclusive digital experiences that appeal to a wide range of people.
The Importance of Web Accessibility
Beyond any legal requirements, which differ from nation to nation and simply being helpful to users with sensory impairments, adopting web accessibility can benefit the owner of the website, their clients, employees and suppliers. It promotes an inclusive experience, improves customer service, increases operational efficiency and is consistent with social responsibility objectives. Accessible websites help organisations better serve all their stakeholders in a consistent way.
Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG)
How do web developers stay on up to date with web design goals oriented to accessibility? The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) has produced a set of internationally acknowledged standards known as the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). These guidelines offer suggestions for improving the accessibility of web content for individuals with impairments. A broad range of accessibility concepts and methods are covered, including:
Perceivable This means ensuring that information and user interface components are presentable to users in ways they can perceive without struggle. For instance, there should be text alternatives for non-textual content. All materials should be made maximally accessible to users by making it as simple as possible for them to see and hear it. Captions and other options should be provided for multimedia content and efforts made to present that content in a variety of ways, including by assistive technology, without losing meaning.
Operable All functionality should be available from a keyboard. Web content should always persist long enough for users to have time to read and understand it. No content should be presented that could cause seizures or physical reactions. Generally speaking, your design should help users navigate and find content, for example by making it easier to use inputs other than a keyboard and providing user interface components and navigation that are operable by all users.
Understandable Content should appear and operate in predictable ways. The text you present should be easily readable and comprehensible. On data entry pages, help should be given to users to avoid and correct mistakes. In general, content and user interface operations should be easily understandable by all users.
Robust The goal should be to achieve the greatest level of compatibility between a website and user tools, both present and future, including popular assistive technologies.
Making websites and apps accessible to all users is a crucial responsibility of web developers and complying with these WCAG guidelines greatly contributes to attaining web accessibility. Here are some important aspects to attend to:
Semantic HTML and ARIA
In order to create accessible web content, semantic HTML and ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Applications) features must be used correctly. Elements in HTML with semantic properties, such as 'article', 'details', 'figcaption', 'main' and 'summary', enhance accessibility for assistive technologies such as screen readers and offer structural meaning. By giving more details about the responsibilities, states and features of dynamic and interactive web components, ARIA attributes can improve their accessibility.
Keyboard Accessibility
Keyboard navigation is a popular way for people with disabilities to engage with websites. It is imperative to ensure that all interactive components, including buttons, links and form controls can be accessed using a keyboard. Providing obvious focus indications and a sensible tab sequence are two examples of this.
Alternative Text and Captions
For users who are blind or have impaired vision, providing captions for multimedia content and alternative text (alt text) for images is crucial. While captions in videos or audio files should convey the auditory information contained within, alt text should accurately describe the content and purpose of the image.
Colour Contrast and Text Alternatives
Ensuring sufficient colour contrast between text and background is very important for users with visual impairments or colour blindness. Additionally, providing text alternatives for non-text content, such as icons or diagrams, can improve accessibility for users who rely on assistive technologies.
Accessible Forms and Tables
Forms and tables can present accessibility challenges if not designed and coded properly. Developers should ensure that form controls are properly labelled, include clear instructions and follow a logical tab order. Tables should have appropriate headers and structure to facilitate navigation and comprehension for screen reader users.
Testing and Evaluation
It is essential to conduct routine testing and evaluations of websites and applications to detect and resolve accessibility problems. This can be accomplished by automated testing methods, user testing with people with disabilities and manual testing with assistive technology.
Continuous Improvement
Achieving web accessibility is a process rather than a single task. It calls for a developer to keep an eye on user needs and to continually think about ways to make a site better. Developers can make it their goal to stay current with accessibility best practices and guidelines when new standards and technologies are developed. They can improve their knowledge and abilities in this field by attending conferences and workshops, taking part in accessibility training programmes and interacting with others.
Conclusion
Making accessibility a top priority as a web developer can make a big difference to people with disabilities, by allowing them to freely access opportunities, services and information. In addition to being morally and legally required, developing accessible websites and applications is a wise investment in the provision of inclusive digital experiences for all users. It also improves an organisation's reputation and is consistent with social responsibility objectives.
Developers can make a positive impact on a more inclusive and equitable digital world by adopting accessibility from the beginning of web development projects and by comprehending and using web accessibility principles. For developers who want to accomplish these objectives, taking a web accessibility training course is an excellent place to start.
Related Training Courses
Web Skills
- Web publishing and HTML Introduction
- HTML5 and CSS3 Introduction
- Web Skills Advanced
- Web Accessibility and Usability
- Information Architecture for Successful Websites
- Designing Websites with Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)
- Video for the Web
- Web Banner Ad Production
- Web Technologies Overview
- Building Mobile Websites
- Creating Stores for Online Marketplaces
- Mobile Web Development Introduction
- Responsive Design Introduction
- UX Design Overview
- Mail Designer Pro Introduction
- User Experience (UX/UI) Design
- Introduction to Accessibility
Useful Resources
- Importance of Web Accessibility Article from the US Employer Assistance and Resource Network (EARN)
- Free Digital Accessibility resources from AbilityNet Useful range of resources
- Guidance from the Business Disability Forum General advice
- Accessibility skills for web developers General article on the value of Accessibility skills for web developers
- UK government digital accessibility advice Best practice essentials
- UK government guidance and tools for digital accessibility Useful general guide
- Web Content Accessibility Guidelines Understanding the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG)
- Where to start with web accessibility Good article from Charity Digital